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发表于 2019-4-9 19:22:13
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2020考研英语材料：英语(二)每日词汇分享_第三十二期
叮咚，叮咚，2020考研英语(二)考纲词汇、核心词根、核心短语等干货材料来袭，准备在2020英语(二)取得高分的研友们，收好~~~
此帖为英语(二)每日词汇分享_第三十二期，分享的词汇为G类词汇(glad a.高兴的，快活的;乐意的，情愿的)，语法部分为：完成体;核心词根为：rupt-：破，具体内容如下：
一、2020管理类联考英语(二)语法—动词时态的基本用法【完成体】
1.现在完成时
1)一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在(也许还将持续下去)。表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间的状语有：:lately,recently,in the last/past few days/years(在过去的这儿天/年里 ), since then, up to now, so far( 至今) 等. 如:
In the past few years,great changes have taken place in my hometown.
在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
He has been busy writing a book recently.
最近他一直在忙着写书。
He has written 8 books so far.
到现在为止,他一共写了8本书。
(2)一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生的影响,注意这时说话者说话的重心在“过去的事情对现在产生的影响”.常用的状语有already,just(刚刚),yet,never,before等。如:
He has turned off the light.(=The light is off now.)
他关掉了灯。
The concert has started.(=The concert is on now.)
音乐会开始了。
I have already seen the film.(=I know the film now.)
我看过那部电影了。
(3)This/It is the first/second...time+that从句, that 从句的谓语要用现在完成时。 如:
This is the first time(that)I have come here.
这是我第一次来这里。
(4)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时间以前已完成的动作。如:
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
除非我亲眼看到, 否则我不会相信你的。(强调“看完”)
I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.
我干完了工作就和你一起去。(强调 “干完” )
(5)瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词、终止性动词。瞬间动词可以用于完成时态,但不可以接表示一段时间的状语,若要接表示一段时间的状语,需要做一些相应的变换。瞬间动词的否定式可以接表示一段时间的状语。如:
(x)He has come to Beijing since last year.
(√)He has lived in Beijing since last year.d b
(x)He has joined the army for 3 years.
(√)He has served in the army for 3 years.
(√)He joined the army 3 years ago.
(√)He has been a soldier for 3 years.
(√)It is 3 years since he joined the army.
(√)He has joined the army.
常见的瞬间动词有:come, go, get to/reach/arrive at/in, leave, buy, sell, open, close, get up, join/take part in, begin/start, return/give, borrow/lend, become/turn, bring/take, die,finish/end, receive/hear from,marry, break, lose, jump等.
2.过去完成时
(1)一件事情发生在过去,而另一件事情先于它发生(即表"过去的过去”),那么发生在前的事情的动词须用过去完成时。 时间状语可用before 等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可通过上下文来表示。如:
She had learned some English before she came to the institute.
她在来学院前已经学过一些英语。
He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.
他说他在国外待了3年了。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语有:by then, by that time, until, by the end of, before 2000, by the time+句子等。 如:
By then he had learned English for 3 years.
到那时,他已经学了3年荚语了。
Until then he had known nothing about it yet.
到那时为止,他对此仍一无所知。
(3)在 "hardly/scarcely/rarely..when..""no sooner..than.."型中,when和than从句中用一般过去时,hardly/scarcely/rarely主句中用过去完成时,且位于句首时,主句部分要进行倒装, 表示“刚刚·.就....” 如:
Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely had I got home when the rain poured down.
我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下。
No sooner had we started than the car got a flat tyre.
我们才刚刚启动,汽车的轮胎就漏气了。
(4 )It was/had been +一段时间 +since从句。since 从句的谓语用过去完成时。 如:
It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.
我们10年没这么高兴了。
(5)That/It/This was the first/second time..+that句.that从句的谓语要用过去完成时。如:
It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.
这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。
That was the first time that I had passed the exam.
那是我第一次考试及格。
(6)表示愿望，打算一类的词,如hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think,suppose等,其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。 如:
.....
全部内容见下方PDF~~
二、今日核心词根部分rupt-：破
.....
全部内容见下方PDF~~
三、今日分享的英语二考纲词汇
glad | | | | | v.(at,over)扫视 n.匆匆看,一瞥,一眼 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
全部内容见附件PDF
2020考研材料：英语（二）每日词汇分享_第三十二期.pdf
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